Al-Dhahabī, Siyar A’lām Al-Nubalā`, in his biography of Hishām Al-Dustawā`ī.
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Fear
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It is reported that if Hishām Al-Dustawā`ī – Allāh have mercy on him – didn’t have a torch on at home, he would toss and turn in bed until his wife would come with a torch. She asked him about this once, to which he replied, “If I don’t have a torch, I think about the darkness of the grave.”
Al-Dhahabī, Siyar A’lām Al-Nubalā`, in his biography of Hishām Al-Dustawā`ī.
It is reported form Abū Al-Dardā – Allāh be pleased with him – that he said, “Three make me laugh, and three make me cry.
Those that make me laugh are a person who puts his hopes in this worldly life while death pursues him, a person who is heedless [of his Lord] while [his Lord] is not heedless of him, and a person who always laughs while he does not know whether he has pleased Allāh or angered Him. What makes me cry is being separated from my beloved: Muhammad and his party (the Companions), the horrors of the time of death, and standing in front of Allāh ‘azza wa jall on the Day when the secrets will be revealed and I do not know will I then go to Paradise or Hell?” Ibn Al-Mubārak, Al-Zuhd wa Al-Raqā`iq article 250.
Ibn Al-Mubārak, Al-Zuhd wa Al-Raqā`iq article 250.
The great ascetic Shaqīq Al-Balakhī – Allāh have mercy on him – was once asked, “What is the mark of [true] repentance?” He replied, “Continued crying over past sins, deep fear of falling into them again, staying away from bad company, and keeping the company of good people.”
Abū Bakr Al-Daynūrī, Al-Mujālasah wa Jawāhir Al-‘Ilm article 2645.
It is reported that Bashr b. Al-Hārith said, “I was once with Al-Fuḍayl b. ʿAyyāḍ in Makkah. He sat with us until midnight, then went and did ṭawāf until the morning. I said, ‘Abū ‘Alī! Won’t you sleep?’ He replied, ‘Woe to you! And is there anyone who hears a mention of the Fire and then feels like sleeping!?’”
Abū Bakr Al-Daynūrī, Al-Mujālasah wa Jawāhir Al-‘Ilm, article 723.
It is reported that Abū Ayyūb Al-Anṣārī – Allāh be pleased with him – said, “A person might do a single good deed, rely on it and forget sins that he regards insignificant, but then meet Allāh (on the Day of Judgment) with those sins surrounding him. And a man might commit a sin, but never stop fearing its consequences, until he meets Allāh safe and sound.”
Al-Ḥāfidh Ibn Ḥajr, Fatḥ Al-Bārī, references this narration to Asad b. Mūsā’s Al-Zuhd. A slightly different wording is reported by Ibn Al-Mubārak in Al-Zuhd wa Al-Raqā`iq Vol.1 p170.
Some narrations reported from the Salaf in explanation of what it means to protect oneself and one’s family as mentioned in Al-Tahrīm verse 6:
O you who believe! Protect yourselves and your families against a Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and stones, over which are (appointed) angels, stern and severe, and who disobey not the commands they receive from Allāh, but do that which they are commanded. [66:6] · ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib – Allah be pleased with him: Discipline them, teach them. · Ibn ‘Abbās – Allah be pleased with them: Stay obedient to Allāh, stay away from disobeying Allāh and command your families to remember Allāh, and He will save you from the Fire. · Mujāhid – Allāh have mercy on him: Fear Allāh and obey him (practice taqwā) and tell your families to practice taqwā. · Qatādah – Allāh have mercy on him: A person protects his family by telling them to obey Allāh and forbidding them from disobeying Him. He upholds Allāh’s commandments and helps his family to uphold them. So if you see some disobedience of Allāh you stop them from doing it, and you reprimand them. Al-Ṭabarī, Al-Tafsīr, Sūrah Al-Taḥrīm.
Al-Ṭabarī, Al-Tafsīr, Sūrah Al-Taḥrīm.
I met thirty of the Prophet’s Companions – Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him – and every one of them feared falling into nifāq (hypocrisy); not one of them claimed he had the level of faith of Jibrīl or Mīkā`īl. Quoted by Al-Bukhārī, Al-Sahīh, Chapter on the believer fearing that his deeds will be nullified without him realizing. In this chapter and narration there is a refutation of the Murji`ah sect who claimed that īmān (faith) consists of belief in the heart and nothing else i.e. a person’s deeds are not part of his faith and do not affect it. This narration indicates that a person may perform deeds in which his intention may not be totally pure and sincere and because of which he falls into a type of practical hypocrisy. The fact that they feared hypocrisy does not mean they actually fell into it. Rather this was by way of them being very careful not to fall into it, and it is part of their taqwā – Allah be pleased with them. This narration also indicates that the Companions believed that people can have different levels of faith, contrary to the Murji`ah who claimed that the īmān of the most pious true believers is the same as everyone else. Nothing contrary to any of this has been related from the Companions, so it is as if there is a consensus (ijmā’) amongst them on this. The following are some of the illustrious Companions Ibn Abī Mulaykah met: · ‘Alī b. Abī Tālib · Sa’d b. Abī Waqqās · Mother of the Believers ‘Ā`ishah · Her sister Asmā` · Mother of the Believers Umm Salamah · ʿAbdullah b. Mas’ūd · ʿAbdullah b. ʿUmar · ʿAbdullah b. ‘Abbās · ʿAbdullah b. Al-Zubayr · Abū Hurayrah · ‘Uqbah b. Al-Hārith · Miswar b. Mikhramah Allah be pleased with them all.
These notes have been summarized from Fath Al-Bārī.
The believer sees his sins as if he is sitting at the foot of a mountain fearing that it might fall on him, while the sinner (fājir) sees his sins as a fly that lands on his nose, he just waves it away. Al-Bukhārī, Al-Sahīh, The Book of Supplications, Chapter on Tawbah. Ibn Hajr quotes in his commentary, Fath Al-Bārī: Ibn Abī Jumrah said, “The reason for this [fear] is that the heart of a believer is illuminated; so when he sees from himself something that goes against what he illuminates his heart with, it is very distressing to him. The wisdom behind giving the example of a mountain is that a person might find some way to escape from other dangers, but if a mountain falls on a person he does not survive. In short, the believer is dominated by fear (of Allah) due to the strength of īmān he has; he does not therefore feel falsely secure about being punished because of his sins. This is the way of the Muslim: he always fears and checks on himself, his good deeds are little to him and he fears even the small bad deeds he has done.”
Ibn Abī Jumrah said, “The reason for this [fear] is that the heart of a believer is illuminated; so when he sees from himself something that goes against what he illuminates his heart with, it is very distressing to him. The wisdom behind giving the example of a mountain is that a person might find some way to escape from other dangers, but if a mountain falls on a person he does not survive. In short, the believer is dominated by fear (of Allah) due to the strength of īmān he has; he does not therefore feel falsely secure about being punished because of his sins. This is the way of the Muslim: he always fears and checks on himself, his good deeds are little to him and he fears even the small bad deeds he has done.”
Yūsuf b. Asbāt – Allah have mercy on him – reports that whenever Sufyān remembered the hereafter he would urinate blood.
It is also reported that Sufyān – Allah have mercy on him – said: I sometimes see something I feel I am obliged to speak out about, but when I don’t say anything I urinate blood. And in another report: I sometimes see an evil being done, but if I don’t speak out about it I urinate blood. Al-Dhahabī , Siyar A’lām Al-Nubalā` in his biography of Imām Sufyān Al-Thawrī .
Al-Dhahabī , Siyar A’lām Al-Nubalā` in his biography of Imām Sufyān Al-Thawrī .
Sufficient as knowledge for a person is that he fears Allah, and sufficient as ignorance for a person is that he feels impressed with the knowledge he has. Al-Ājurrī in Akhlāq Al-‘Ulamā’ no.40. Masrūq was one of the major Tābi’īn, or students of the Companions. He accompanied Ibn Mas’ūd and was one of his students who became senior teachers and muftis after him. He reported from numerous other Sahābah. It is said that he was called Masrūq (literally: stolen) because he was kidnapped as a child but later recovered. He died in 62H or 63H.
Masrūq was one of the major Tābi’īn, or students of the Companions. He accompanied Ibn Mas’ūd and was one of his students who became senior teachers and muftis after him. He reported from numerous other Sahābah. It is said that he was called Masrūq (literally: stolen) because he was kidnapped as a child but later recovered. He died in 62H or 63H.